高精度碳氧比能谱测井在胡庆油田的应用

高精度碳氧化比能谱仪在确定含油饱和度的精度和准确度方面同普通碳氧化比测井相比有了很大提高，它可以对0．8m以上的地层做定量解释、对0．5－0．8m的地层做半定量解释；可以对孔隙度在15％以上的地层做定量解释、对孔隙度在10％－15％的差产层做半定量解释。2000年9月－2001年7月的胡庆油田7口井中推广应用，取得了较好的开发效果。实践证明，高精度碳氧比能普测井能够更精确地反映地层剩余油饱和度的层间分布，能够更加有效地指导油水井开发，为油田后期开发打下坚实的基础。     

原子氧对航天材料表面的作用与防护 I原子氧与航天材料的作用

综述了低地球轨道环境下原子氧与航天材料的相互作用及其机制，介绍了原子氧敏感性材料以及它们在低地球轨道环境下的降解情况。     

掺锗CZSi原生晶体中氧的微沉淀

利用锗硅单晶(锗浓度约为1019cm-3)切制成的籽晶和一般无位错硅单晶生长的缩细颈工艺以及从晶体头部至尾部平稳降低拉速的工艺,生长了直径为60、50和40mm,掺锗量为0.1%和0.5%(锗硅重量比)的锗硅单晶.利用化学腐蚀-金相显微镜法、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)能谱分析和X射线双晶衍射等方法观测了掺锗硅的原生晶体中缺陷及氧的沉淀的状况.发现用CZ法生长的锗硅原生晶体与常规工艺生长的CZSi晶体不同,体内存在着较高密度的氧微沉淀.在晶体尾部,由于锗的分凝使熔体中锗高度富集,出现了"组分过冷"现象,在晶粒间界应力较大处有锗的析出并出现了枝状结晶生长.晶体中高密度氧的微沉淀经过1250℃热处理1h后会溶解消失.     

MBE growth and properties of ZnO on sapphire and SiC substrates

Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) of ZnO on both sapphire and SiC substrates has been demonstrated. ZnO was used as a buffer layer for the epitaxial growth of GaN. ZnO is a würtzite crystal with a close lattice match (<2% mismatch) to GaN, an energy gap of 3.3 eV at room temperature, a low predicted conduction band offset to both GaN and SiC, and high electron conductivity. ZnO is relatively soft compared to the nitride semiconductors and is expected to act as a compliant buffer layer. Inductively coupled radio frequency plasma sources were used to generate active beams of nitrogen and oxygen for MBE growth. Characterization of the oxygen plasma by optical emission spectroscopy clearly indicated significant dissociation of O₂ into atomic oxygen. Reflected high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) of the ZnO growth surface showed a two-dimensional growth. ZnO layers had n-type carrier concentration of 9 × 10¹⁸ cm⁻³ with an electron mobility of 260 cm²/V-s. Initial I-V measurements displayed ohmic behavior across the SiC/ZnO and the ZnO/GaN heterointerfaces. RHEED of GaN growth by MBE on the ZnO buffer layers also exhibited a two-dimensional growth. We have demonstrated the viability of using ZnO as a buffer layer for the MBE growth of GaN.     

Growth of carbon impurity density and adequate divertor wall temperature for fusion experimental reactors

Sudden increase of carbon impurity called carbon bloom has terminated the energy breakeven condition in the present large tokamak. In order to lengthen the burning plasma state in the next device, carbon bloom has to be well suppressed. The temporal evolution of carbon impurity density is analytically examined by using a simple one-point kinetic or zero-dimensional model including the effects of graphite erosions due to oxygen and ion, and gettering for oxygen due to boron or beryllium. The growth of carbon bloom due to radiation-enhanced sublimation is discussed based on the effective self-sputtering of carbon. Even when the self-sputtering yield is less than unity, carbon density is observed to continuously increase with the discharge time if the oxygen gettering action is not perfectly conducted. From the present analysis and data on the erosion of carbon materials, and the evaporation of gettering materials, it is suggested that the divertor wall temperature has to be kept less than approximately 900–1000°C to avoid the continuous growth of the carbon density.     

通过低碳深冲钢的氧量研究控制钢中酸溶铝

通过低碳深冲钢的氧量的研究，提出了定氧加铝的最佳工艺路线（转炉吹炼→钢水预吹氩→定氧→加铝→补吹→保护浇注）并制订出根据钢水中的氧量加铝量，取得了酸溶铝的命中率达１００％。     

从离子注入到离子束合成——离子束领域的重大进展

本文了离子束科学技术新领域新的重大进展－从作为半导体掺杂手段剂量离子注入到高剂量离子注入以合成新材料。文中讨论了高剂量注入的物理效应，利用高剂量氧注入硅合成ＳＩＭＯＸ材料的物理过程以及离子束合成的多种应用。     

The influence of water on the reduction and reoxidation of ceria

Two different samples of ceria have been characterized by temperature programmed reduction in carbon monoxide (CO-TPR), surface area determination and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The much higher reducibility at temperatures below 550 °C of a sample prepared by decomposition of cerium carbonate, compared to a commercial ceria, was attributed to the much lower crystallinity. When this ceria, in the partly reduced state, was brought in contact with water vapour, it was readily reoxidised with evolution of hydrogen. The oxygen storage capacity of this sample, determined in cycling experiments, was considerably lowered by the presence of water.     

AN ANALYSIS OF THE OXYGEN BALANCE IN AN ANOXIC TIDAL RIVER

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EFFECTS OF pH ON ELECTROFLOTATION OF SPHALERITE

Electroflotation studies on sphalerite fine particles, conducted under careful pH control using buffer electrolytes, reveal that for either H₂ or 0₂ electrolytic gases there exists an optimum pH range at which electroflotation is most effective. This can be explained by the observed dependence of electrolytic gas bubble size on the pH of the electrolyte.